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Air Pollution in the Arctic: Climate, Environment and Societies (PACES)

International audienceAir pollutants in the Arctic have impacts on climate change, ecosystems, regional air quality, and human health. Rapid changes to and complex interactions within the Arctic environment due to global warming and socio-economic drivers mean that there is an urgent requirement to improve understanding of sources of Arctic air pollutants. Changes in atmospheric aerosol particles and tropospheric ozone have likely contributed substantially to rapid warming of the Arctic over recent decades. Increased accessibility due to reducing sea-ice is leading to increased local pollutant emissions from activities such as oil and gas extraction or shipping. Local Arctic communities are already being affected by sources of air pollution, which may continue to grow as economic and industrial development continues in the region. It is crucial to improve quantification of the relative contributions of different pollutant sources to provide a sound scientific basis for sustainable solutions and adaptive strategies. Deficiencies in predictive capability and a lack of observations at high latitudes present major challenges to advancing this understanding, and to making credible near- and long-term projections of Arctic environmental change.This poster will describe a new international initiative - air Pollution in the Arctic: Climate Environment and Societies (PACES) (see www.igacprojects.org/PACES), focused on building capacity for future research on Arctic air pollution. We will present the key scientific motivating factors behind the establishment of PACES, and our plans for addressing current uncertainties and deficiencies in our understanding of sources, processing and fate of air pollutants in the Arctic, and their impacts on human health, ecosystems and climate. These plans include development of strategies for targeted field observations addressing key processes, improving predictive capability, improving observational capacity in the Arctic, particularly in Russia, and in the vertical, and via establishment of collaborations between physical scientists, social scientists and local residents

Design of the remote agent experiment for spacecraft autonomy

ABSTRACT—This paper describes the Remote Agent flight experiment for spacecraft commanding and control. In the Remote Agent approach, the operational rules and constraints are encoded in the flight software. The software may be considered to be an autonomous “remote agent ” of the spacecraft operators in the sense that the operators rely on the agent to achieve particular goals. The experiment will be executed during the flight of NASA’s Deep Space One technology validation mission. During the experiment, the spacecraft will not be given the usual detailed sequence of commands to execute. Instead, the spacecraft will be given a list of goals to achieve during the experiment. In flight, the Remote Agent flight software will generate a plan to accomplish the goals and then execute the plan in a robust manner while keeping track of how well the plan is being accomplished. During plan execution, the Remote Agent stays on the lookout for any hardware faults that might require recovery actions or replanning. In addition to describing the design of the remote agent, this paper discusses technology-insertion challenges and the approach used in the Remote Agent approach to address these challenges. The experiment integrates several spacecraft autonomy technologies developed at NASA Ames and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory: on-board planning, a robust multithreaded executive, and model-based failure diagnosis and recovery. 1